Lesson 1 of 6

Read the reinforcement detail before you calculate

Identify clear cover, stirrup diameter, hook angle and spacing before using them in a steel calculation.

  1. 1Clear cover
  2. 2Stirrup diameter
  3. 3Hook angle
  4. 4Read spacing along the beam
  5. 5Your turn
Drawing deskDimensions · mm
230mm width450mm depth · 25mm cover25 mm cover
Clear cover

Learn · Part 1

Clear cover

Start at the concrete face and find where the stirrup begins.

Clear cover

25 mm

Cover runs from the concrete face to the outside face of the stirrup. It protects the steel and sets the working rectangle inside the concrete.

Drawing deskDimensions · mm
230mm width450mm depth · 25mm cover
Stirrup diameter

Learn · Part 2

Stirrup diameter

Now identify the thickness of the bar that forms the closed link.

Stirrup diameter

8 mm

Diameter describes the steel bar itself. Do not subtract it again after applying the outside-to-outside cover convention.

Drawing deskDimensions · mm
230mm width450mm depth · 25mm cover
Hook angle

Learn · Part 3

Hook angle

Look at the two ends where the stirrup closes.

Hook angle

135 °

Both ends use 135° hooks. Their tails add length, and the hook bends also contribute bend deductions.

Drawing deskDimensions · mm
4,000mm clear span27 bars · 150mm spacing
Stirrup spacing

Learn · Part 4

Read spacing along the beam

Move from the cross-section to the side view to see how often the link repeats.

Stirrup spacing

150 mm centres

Spacing is measured centre to centre along the 4,000mm clear span. Under this lesson’s stated start-at-face convention, that gives 27 stirrups.

Apply what you learned

Your turn.

Which drawing value is measured to the outside face of the stirrup? Enter its value in mm.

See the worked solution

Clear cover = 25mm. Diameter describes the bar itself.

Answer: 25 mm.

Lesson notes & reference

Worked exampleRead 25mm cover, 8mm stirrups, 135° hooks and 150mm spacing before calculating.

Read the complete lesson

1. Clear cover

Start at the concrete face and find where the stirrup begins.

Clear cover · 25 mm

Cover runs from the concrete face to the outside face of the stirrup. It protects the steel and sets the working rectangle inside the concrete.

2. Stirrup diameter

Now identify the thickness of the bar that forms the closed link.

Stirrup diameter · 8 mm

Diameter describes the steel bar itself. Do not subtract it again after applying the outside-to-outside cover convention.

3. Hook angle

Look at the two ends where the stirrup closes.

Hook angle · 135 °

Both ends use 135° hooks. Their tails add length, and the hook bends also contribute bend deductions.

4. Read spacing along the beam

Move from the cross-section to the side view to see how often the link repeats.

Stirrup spacing · 150 mm centres

Spacing is measured centre to centre along the 4,000mm clear span. Under this lesson’s stated start-at-face convention, that gives 27 stirrups.

The schedule you’re building toward

The same worked example throughout the course: three identical beams, with three bottom and three top main bars in each.

230 × 450mm beams · 4,000mm clear span · 25mm cover
BarShapeDiaCutting lengthBars per memberTotal barsTotal lengthWeightNotes
S1 Stirrup · rectangular, 135° hooks 8mm 1220mm 27 81 98.82m 39.04kg Uniform centres; no zones
B1 Bottom main · straight 16mm 5500mm 3 9 49.50m 78.22kg Straight anchorage at both ends
T1 Top main · straight 16mm 5500mm 3 9 49.50m 78.22kg Straight anchorage at both ends

Total steel: 195.48kg. Worked quantities exclude wastage. Main bars assume straight anchorage fits each support; use the actual structural detail for a project.

You know what every input means. How do those inputs become one correct stirrup cutting length?

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